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X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://www.historikertag.de/Muenster2018/en/panels/worlds-apart-jewish-witnesses-in-israeli-and-west-german-criminal-proceedings-against-perpetrators-of-national-socialist-extermination-camps-1970-1990/
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UID:historikertag-2018-484
DTSTAMP:20180329T170315Z
DTSTART:20180926T070000Z
DTEND:20180926T090000Z
SUMMARY:[Historikertag 2018] Worlds apart: Jewish Witnesses in Israeli and West German Criminal Proceedings against Perpetrators of National Socialist Extermination Camps, 1970–1990
DESCRIPTION:The trials against Nazi perpetrators in Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany represented an earlier engagement with the crimes of the Holocaust than took place in other fields. In both countries, this broke the social resistance, motivated in each society for entirely different reasons, towards engaging with the Jewish catastrophe on the one hand and with the German perpetrators on the other. Hundreds of survivors testified in Israel and West Germany in enquiries and criminal proceedings against the perpetrators. In the courts, the survivors often for the first time were able to publicly articulate their knowledge and experience, even if in a legally regulated form. Concepts and categories describing events and contexts of the Holocaust were developed which were to inform the engagement with Nazi crimes for a long time to come. Aside from the spectacular appearance of 110 survivors in the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem in 1961, the impact of which has been researched extensively, little is known to date about the concrete circumstances, conditions, and consequences of the appearance of survivors as legal witnesses in Israel and Germany, and the corresponding source materials are hardly used in scholarship. Moreover, hardly any systematic analyses exist in either country on the development of legal engagements with Nazi crimes in the 1970s and 1980s, following the much publicized trials of Nazis in Jerusalem and Frankfurt am Main. The divergent legal basis in each country – in Israel the 1950 “Nazi and Nazi Collaborators law” and in West Germany the regular German criminal law – had in certain areas a massive impact on the function of Jewish witnesses and their position in the trials of Nazis. Nevertheless, parallel developments are discernible in the period after the 1970s with regard to the legal recognition of survivors and their testimonies, which essentially point to an advancing schism between law and society: While the social perception of Holocaust survivors as public contemporary witnesses rose successively, their significance as legal witnesses continuously fell.
Der Beitrag Worlds apart: Jewish Witnesses in Israeli and West German Criminal Proceedings against Perpetrators of National Socialist Extermination Camps, 1970–1990 erschien zuerst auf Historikertag 2018.
LOCATION:JUR2 (Juridicum)
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